Understanding Erb’s Palsy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

 Erb’s Palsy is a condition that affects newborns, causing weakness or paralysis in the arm due to nerve damage during birth. It occurs when the brachial plexus, a network of nerves responsible for arm movement, is injured. Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere, the leading pediatric orthopedic specialist in Prakash Nagar, specializes in diagnosing and treating Erb’s Palsy, helping children regain movement and strength through advanced treatments.



What is Erb’s Palsy?

Erb’s Palsy is a form of brachial plexus injury (BPI) that primarily affects the upper arm. It occurs when the nerves in the neck and shoulder are stretched or torn during childbirth. The condition can vary in severity, from mild weakness to complete paralysis of the affected arm.

Causes of Erb’s Palsy

The primary cause of Erb’s Palsy is birth trauma, particularly during difficult deliveries. Common risk factors include:

  • Shoulder Dystocia – When the baby’s shoulder gets stuck behind the mother’s pelvic bone during delivery.

  • Prolonged Labor – Increased stress on the baby’s shoulder nerves during extended labor.

  • Large Birth Weight – Babies with a high birth weight (over 4 kg) are at a higher risk.

  • Use of Forceps or Vacuum Extraction – Assisted deliveries can exert excessive pressure on the brachial plexus nerves.

  • Breech Birth – Babies born feet-first may experience excessive pulling, leading to nerve damage.

Types of Brachial Plexus Injuries in Erb’s Palsy

  1. Neurapraxia (Mild) – The nerve is stretched but not torn, leading to temporary weakness.

  2. Neuroma – Scar tissue forms around a damaged nerve, limiting function.

  3. Rupture – The nerve is torn but remains connected to the spinal cord.

  4. Avulsion (Severe) – The nerve is completely detached from the spinal cord, causing total loss of function.

Symptoms of Erb’s Palsy

Symptoms of Erb’s Palsy can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of nerve damage. Common signs include:

  • Weakness or limpness in the affected arm

  • Limited or no movement in the shoulder and upper arm

  • Decreased grip strength in the affected hand

  • Numbness or loss of sensation in the arm

  • Arm held in an abnormal position (bent at the elbow with the hand turned inward)

Diagnosis of Erb’s Palsy

Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere conducts a thorough examination to assess the extent of nerve injury. Diagnostic methods include:

  • Physical Examination – Checking muscle strength and range of motion.

  • Electromyography (EMG) – Evaluating nerve and muscle function.

  • MRI or CT Scan – Imaging to identify nerve damage and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options for Erb’s Palsy

The treatment for Erb’s Palsy depends on the severity of the condition. Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere offers both non-surgical and surgical options to help children regain arm function.

1. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

  • Gentle range-of-motion exercises to improve movement and flexibility.

  • Stretching techniques to prevent muscle stiffness and contractures.

  • Strength training to enhance muscle recovery and coordination.

  • Occupational therapy to improve fine motor skills and grip strength.

2. Bracing and Splinting

  • Orthotic devices can be used to support weak muscles and promote proper arm positioning.

  • Splints help in preventing contractures and encouraging normal movement patterns.

3. Medications for Pain and Inflammation

  • Anti-inflammatory drugs can be prescribed to reduce swelling around the damaged nerves.

  • Pain relievers are used in severe cases where discomfort affects daily activities.

4. Surgical Treatment

If there is no improvement after 3 to 6 months, surgical intervention may be necessary. Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere specializes in advanced procedures such as:

  • Nerve Grafting – Replacing damaged nerves with healthy ones from another part of the body.

  • Nerve Transfer – Redirecting working nerves to the affected area to restore movement.

  • Muscle and Tendon Transfers – Relocating muscles or tendons to improve function and flexibility.

  • Joint Surgery – Correcting joint deformities caused by prolonged immobility.

Prognosis and Recovery

The outlook for children with Erb’s Palsy varies based on the severity of the nerve injury. Many infants with mild cases recover completely within 3 to 6 months with physical therapy. However, severe cases may require surgical intervention and ongoing therapy for improvement. With expert care from Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere, most children experience significant functional recovery.

Importance of Early Intervention

Early treatment is essential for the best outcomes. Parents should consult a pediatric orthopedic specialist as soon as they notice signs of weakness or immobility in their baby’s arm. Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere emphasizes the importance of regular follow-ups to track progress and adjust treatment plans accordingly.

Preventing Erb’s Palsy

While not all cases of Erb’s Palsy can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:

  • Proper prenatal care to monitor fetal size and positioning.

  • C-Section Delivery for babies at high risk (e.g., large birth weight, breech position).

  • Gentle birthing techniques to minimize excessive pulling during delivery.

Why Choose Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere for Erb’s Palsy Treatment?

  • Expertise in Pediatric Orthopedics – Specialized knowledge in treating birth-related nerve injuries.

  • Comprehensive Treatment Plans – Personalized care including therapy, bracing, and surgery if required.

  • Advanced Surgical Techniques – Expertise in nerve and muscle repair procedures.

  • Compassionate Family Support – Providing guidance and counseling for parents during the treatment process.

  • State-of-the-Art Facilities – Equipped with the latest technology for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Conclusion

Erb’s Palsy is a challenging condition, but with early intervention and expert care, most children regain significant arm function. Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere, the best pediatric orthopedic specialist in Prakash Nagar, offers world-class treatment to ensure the best outcomes for children with Erb’s Palsy. If you suspect your child has Erb’s Palsy, don’t wait—seek expert medical care today!

For consultations and appointments, contact Dr. Vidya Sagar Chandankere’s clinic to start your child’s journey to recovery.

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